Data that is measured using the interval scale is similar to ordinal level data because it has a definite ordering but there is a difference between data. What fraction of the people surveyed commute 12 miles or more? Divide the results (x) into intervals, and then count the number of results in each interval. This is just a list and there is no agreed upon order. A relative frequency is the ratio (fraction or proportion) of the number of times a value of the data occurs in the set of all outcomes to the total number of outcomes. For example, the average of the three quiz scores four, six, and nine is 6.3, rounded off to the nearest tenth, because the data are whole numbers. If it becomes necessary to round off intermediate results, carry them to at least twice as many decimal places as the final answer. The study of quantitatively describing the characteristics of a set of data is called descriptive statistics. Some calculations generate numbers that are artificially precise. As of June 2020, it was found that 31.6 percent of TikTok users in the United States were heavy users, accessing the app for more than 2/3 of a month. Therefore, frequency tables are used to interpret the nominal data. Statistic, parameter, sample, population, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, sampling error, and hypothesis testing • Identify the scale of measurement of a variable (nominal, ordinal, or interval/ratio) • Determine if a variable is discrete or continuous Data that is measured using an ordinal scale is similar to nominal scale data but there is a big difference. But the differences between two pieces of data cannot be measured. The sum of the values in the frequency column, 20, represents the total number of students included in the sample. The cumulative relative frequency column should read: 0.1052, 0.1579, 0.2105, 0.3684, 0.4737, 0.6316, 0.7368, 0.7895, 0.8421, 0.9474, 1.0000. True or False: Three percent of the people surveyed commute three miles. Not every statistical operation can be used with every set of data. These frequencies are often graphically represented in histograms. Table \(\PageIndex{7}\) contains the total number of deaths worldwide as a result of earthquakes for the period from 2000 to 2012. It has all the same properties of interval data but possesses a natural zero, meaning there is a point where that measurement, whatever it may be, is not existing. According to , there are three students who work two hours, five students who work three hours, and so on.The sum of the values in the frequency column, 20, represents the total number of students included in the sample. Table \(\PageIndex{5}\) shows the amount, in inches, of annual rainfall in a sample of towns. Do not round off any intermediate results, if possible. All heights fall between the endpoints of an interval and not at the endpoints. So 80 is four times 20. For example, time is ratio since 0 time is meaningful. What is the relative frequency of deaths that occurred in 2000 or before? When working with ratio variables, but not interval variables, the ratio of two measurements has a meaningful interpretation. From Table \(\PageIndex{5}\), find the number of towns that have rainfall between 2.95 and 9.01 inches. Interpretation: Among smokers there were 47 excess cases of wheezing and coughing per 100 compared to non-smokers in a given time period. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. What fraction of the people surveyed commute five or seven miles? A relative frequency is the ratio (fraction or proportion) of the number of times a value of the data occurs in the set of all outcomes to the total number of outcomes. Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. Cumulative relative frequency is the accumulation of the previous relative frequencies. Statistic, parameter, sample, population, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, sampling error, and hypothesis testing • Identify the scale of measurement of a variable (nominal, ordinal, or interval/ratio) • Determine if a variable is discrete or continuous Published HSE injury rates give the number of people injured over a year in a group of 100,000 employees or workers. For example, if ten students score 90 in statistics, then score 90 has a frequency of 10. The score of 80 is four times better than the score of 20. To find the relative frequency, divide the frequency by the total number of data values. Like the nominal scale data, ordinal scale data cannot be used in calculations. The number of players in the sample who are between 61.95 and 71.95 inches tall is: ____. Fill in the blanks and check your answers. 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